Hazrat Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, also known as Ghaus-e-Azam and Sultan ul Faqr III, is one of the most revered and influential figures in the history of Islamic mysticism (Sufism). Born in 1077 CE in the small town of Jilan (Gilan), Persia, he went on to become a towering spiritual authority whose teachings continue to resonate with millions of people worldwide. Known as the “King of Saints,” his title Ghaus-e-Azam (The Supreme Helper) reflects his unparalleled status in the spiritual hierarchy. As the third among the esteemed Sultans of Faqr, he holds a pivotal role in the dissemination of the Sufi path, particularly the Qadiri order, which he founded.
Early Life and Education
Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani was born into a pious and spiritually enriched family. His father, Abu Saleh Musa, was a devout scholar and a descendant of Imam Hasan ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). His mother, Ummul Khair Fatima, was also highly respected for her piety and wisdom. From an early age, young Abdul Qadir displayed signs of exceptional intelligence, devotion, and a deep inclination toward spirituality.
At the age of 18, he traveled to Baghdad, the intellectual and spiritual hub of the Islamic world at the time, to pursue religious studies. There, he studied under some of the most prominent scholars of the era, mastering fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), Hadith, Tafsir (Quranic exegesis), and Tasawwuf (Sufism). His thirst for knowledge and deep commitment to the truth led him to a higher understanding of both the inner and outer dimensions of Islamic teachings.
Spiritual Journey
Though he excelled in traditional Islamic sciences, it was Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani’s pursuit of spiritual knowledge that set him apart. He spent long periods in seclusion, engaging in intense worship, meditation, and self-purification. Through these practices, he attained profound spiritual insights and a closeness to Allah that few can achieve.
It was during this time of spiritual refinement that he began to embody the essence of Faqr — spiritual poverty and complete reliance on Allah. As the third Sultan ul Faqr, his role in the chain of spiritual leadership was to guide others in shedding worldly attachments and immersing themselves in the love of God.
Teachings and Philosophy
Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani’s teachings are rooted in the fundamental principles of Islam, yet they emphasize the deeper, mystical aspects of the faith. His philosophy revolves around the ideas of Tawheed (the oneness of God), Tawakkul (trust in God), Tazkiya (self-purification), and Ishq-e-Haqiqi (divine love).
Key Teachings:
- Complete Reliance on Allah (Faqr): As Sultan ul Faqr III, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani emphasized the concept of Faqr, not in the sense of material poverty, but spiritual poverty — complete detachment from worldly possessions and desires, relying solely on Allah. He taught that a true seeker must empty their heart of everything except for the Divine, seeking closeness to Allah through humility and self-surrender.
- Divine Love and Devotion: One of the cornerstones of his teachings was Ishq-e-Haqiqi (Divine Love). He believed that only through intense love and devotion to Allah could a person transcend the material world and realize their true purpose. His deep connection to God was a living example for his followers, inspiring them to develop their relationship with the Divine.
- Spiritual Purification (Tazkiya): Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani focused on Tazkiya, or the purification of the soul. He taught that one must rid their heart of pride, arrogance, greed, and other negative traits to experience the presence of God. His life was a testament to this inner struggle, as he constantly sought to refine his character and draw closer to Allah.
- Service to Humanity: Although he was a deeply spiritual figure, Ghaus-e-Azam never isolated himself from society. He was renowned for his acts of charity and service to humanity, feeding the poor, helping the oppressed, and using his influence to bring justice to the downtrodden. He taught that serving others was a form of worship and a means to attain closeness to God.
- Unity of Being (Wahdat al-Wujud): His teachings were closely aligned with the Sufi concept of Wahdat al-Wujud (Unity of Being), which emphasizes that all existence is a manifestation of the Divine. He encouraged his followers to see beyond the physical world and recognize the oneness of all creation under the sovereignty of Allah.
Founding of the Qadiri Order
Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani is the founder of the Qadiri Sufi order, one of the most widespread and influential Sufi orders in the world. The Qadiriyya order is known for its emphasis on spiritual poverty, divine love, and the remembrance of Allah (Dhikr). It has produced countless saints, scholars, and spiritual leaders who have continued to spread his teachings across the globe.
The Qadiri order’s influence extended far beyond the borders of Baghdad, reaching the Indian subcontinent, North Africa, and beyond. Through his teachings, Ghaus-e-Azam instilled the importance of compassion, devotion, and unwavering trust in Allah in the hearts of his followers.
Miracles and Titles
Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani is known for numerous karamat (miracles) that have been attributed to him during his lifetime, further solidifying his status as Ghaus-e-Azam. These miracles include curing the sick, saving people from danger, and even spiritual miracles that demonstrated his deep connection with the Divine. His title, Ghaus-e-Azam, means “the Greatest Helper” because of his constant assistance to those in need, both physically and spiritually.
Legacy
Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani passed away in 1166 CE in Baghdad, but his legacy continues to thrive. His shrine in Baghdad is a major center of pilgrimage, and his teachings remain influential through the Qadiri order, which still flourishes around the world. His spiritual wisdom, emphasis on divine love, and deep connection to the truth of Islam have inspired generations of believers and seekers.
He left behind a rich spiritual heritage in the form of his books, sermons, and disciples. Works such as “Futuh al-Ghaib” (Revelations of the Unseen) and “Al-Ghunya li Talibi Tariq al-Haqq” (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth) are still studied widely by scholars and spiritual aspirants.